XL2 Botany (30M, choose any two) — GATE Life Sciences (XL)
XL2 Botany (30M, choose any two) for GATE Life Sciences (XL): all 9 topics, with study resources and previous year questions for each.
Topics in XL2 Botany (30M, choose any two)
- Plant Systematics (GATE XL) — Botanical nomenclature; History of plant taxonomy; Diversity and classification of plants; APG system of plant classification; Major families such as Apiaceae,…
- Plant Anatomy (GATE XL) — Anatomy of root, stem and leaves, floral organs, embryo and young seedlings; Primary and secondary meristems; Stellar organization; Vascular system and their o…
- Plant development; Cell and Tissue Morphogenesis (GATE XL) — Life cycle of an angiosperm; Development of male and female gametophyte; Cell fate determination and tissue patterning; Spacing mechanisms in trichomes and sto…
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (GATE XL) — Plant water relations, mechanisms of uptake and transport of water, ions, solutes from soil to plants, apoplastic and symplastic transport mechanisms; Mechanis…
- Genetics and Genomics (GATE XL) — Cell cycle and cell division; Principles of Mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination, genetic mapping; Extra chromosomal inheritance; Introduction to epig…
- Plant Breeding, Genetic Modification, Genome Editing (GATE XL) — Principles, methods – selection, hybridization, heterosis; Male sterility; Genetic maps and molecular markers; Embryo rescue; haploid and doubled haploids; Pla…
- Economic and Applied Botany (GATE XL) — A general account of economically and medicinally important plants - cereals, pulses, plants yielding fibers, timber, sugar, beverages, oils, rubber, pigments,…
- Plant Pathology (GATE XL) — Nature and classification of plant diseases; Diseases of important crops caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses, and their control measures (chemical…
- Ecology and Environment (GATE XL) — Ecosystems – types, dynamics, degradation, biogeochemical cycles, ecological succession; Food webs and energy flow through ecosystem; Vegetation types of the w…