Softening of Water by Ion-Exchange Process — Study Resources & PYQs
Principle and process of ion-exchange water softening.
- Estimated study time: 60 minutes
Study resources
- Water Technology - Lucknow University (B.Tech 1st year lecture notes) (PDF) — Covers the whole unit in one PDF: hardness types, degree of hardness, CaCO3 equivalent, zeolite process, scale and sludge. The main reading for this unit.
- Zeolite & Ion-exchange Process - JECRC lecture notes (PDF) — Dedicated notes on both softening processes with regeneration reactions, residual hardness values, and the formulas used in numericals. Ends with practice questions.
- Ion Exchange Process for Water Softening (Hindi) (Video) — Simple Hindi walkthrough of the cation and anion exchanger setup and regeneration. Watch before attempting the numericals.
- Water and its Treatment - Digitech Education notes (Article) — Handwritten-style notes covering the entire unit topic list including numericals. Note: the download is password-protected via the site's Instagram.
Taught in these subjects
- Applied Engineering Chemistry — BCHT11 · Government College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu