Numericals on Hardness of Water — Study Resources & PYQs
Numerical problems involving determination and calculation of water hardness.
- Estimated study time: 45 minutes
Study resources
- Hardness of Water by EDTA Method - Lec 8 (Video) — Part 1 of a numerical-focused series for B.Tech 1st year. Sets up the formula and units (ppm, mg/L, degrees Clark, degrees French).
- Hardness of Water by EDTA Method - Lec 9 (Video) — Part 2 of the same series - solved numericals on total, temporary and permanent hardness. Practise along with pen and paper.
- Water Technology - Lucknow University (B.Tech 1st year lecture notes) (PDF) — Covers the whole unit in one PDF: hardness types, degree of hardness, CaCO3 equivalent, zeolite process, scale and sludge. The main reading for this unit.
- Hardness of Water - types, causes, removal and solved calculation (Vedantu) (Article) — Gives the standard formula (V x M x 1000 / sample volume) with a worked example and the IS 10500 Indian drinking-water limit of 200 mg/L.
- Engineering Chemistry Lecture Notes - NRTEC (PDF) — Another complete notes PDF with the EDTA experimental procedure (buffer preparation, titration steps). Useful for the lab viva as well as theory.
- Water and its Treatment - Digitech Education notes (Article) — Handwritten-style notes covering the entire unit topic list including numericals. Note: the download is password-protected via the site's Instagram.
Taught in these subjects
- ADVANCED ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY — BCHT21 · Government College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
- ADVANCED ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY — BCHT21 · Government College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu
- Applied Engineering Chemistry — BCHT11 · Government College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu