Explain the phenomenon of water hammer ? Water main of concrete, 3 km…

Previous year question for Fluid Mechanics-II.

Question

Explain the phenomenon of water hammer ?

Water main of concrete, 3 km long x 25 cm dia, discharges water into a reservoir at the rate of $10 \times 10^4$ lpd. The pipe line is gradually closed in 20 seconds by operating a valve at the reservoir end. If the test pressure for concrete pain is 30 m, indicate whether there is any risk of pipe burst.

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