(a) Define gradient of a scalar function $\phi$. Show that gradient o…

Previous year question for Applied Engineering Physics.

Question

(a) Define gradient of a scalar function $\phi$. Show that gradient of a scalar function at any point is a vector representing the greatest rate of change of the scalar function at that point and is always perpendicular to the level surface. (12)

(b) A $10\text{ eV}$ electron is incident on a barrier of height $20\text{ eV}$. What is the probability that the electron will tunnel through the barrier if its width is (i) $0.5\text{ nm}$ and (ii) $0.10\text{ nm}$. (8)

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