XE6 Food Technology (35M, choose any two) — GATE Engineering Sciences…

XE6 Food Technology (35M, choose any two) for GATE Engineering Sciences (XE): all 30 topics, with study resources and previous year questions for each.

Topics in XE6 Food Technology (35M, choose any two)

Carbohydrates (GATE XE, XL) — Carbohydrates: Structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, & poly- saccharides including starch, cellulose, pectic substances and dietary fibre, gela…
Proteins (GATE XE, XL) — Proteins: classification and structure of proteins in food, Protein denaturation, functional properties of proteins and starch.
Lipids (GATE XE, XL) — Lipids: Classification and structure of lipids, rancidity, polymerization and polymorphism.
Pigments (GATE XE, XL) — Pigments: carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, tannins and myoglobin. Curcumin, betalains.
Food Flavours (GATE XE, XL) — Food Flavours: Terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones and quinines. Enzymes: specificity, simple and inhibition kinetics, coenzymes, enzymatic and non- enzymatic…
Nutrition (GATE XE, XL) — Nutrition: Balanced diet, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, protein efficiency ratio, water soluble and fat soluble vitamins, role of minerals i…
Chemical and Biochemical Changes (GATE XE, XL) — Chemical and Biochemical Changes: Changes occurring in foods during different processing. Changes occur in foods and food biopolymers (carbohydrates, proteins,…
Characteristics of Microorganisms (GATE XE, XL) — Characteristics of Microorganisms: Morphology of bacteria, yeast, mold and actinomycetes, spores and vegetative cells, gram-staining, Resistant bacteria.
Microbial Growth (GATE XE, XL) — Microbial Growth: D-value, Z-value, F-value, Growth and death kinetics, serial dilution technique.
Food Spoilage (GATE XE, XL) — Food Spoilage: Spoilage microorganisms in different food products including milk, fish, meat, egg, cereals and their products.
Toxins from Microbes (GATE XE, XL) — Toxins from Microbes: Pathogens and non-pathogens including Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Bacillus, Clostridium, and Aspergillus genera, F…
Fermented Foods and Beverages (GATE XE, XL) — Fermented Foods and Beverages: Curd, yoghurt, cheese, pickles, soya-sauce, sauerkraut, idli, dosa, vinegar, alcoholic beverages, and sausage.
Probiotic foods (GATE XE, XL) — Probiotic foods: probiotic microorganisms, their benefits, prebiotics, synbiotics.
Processing Principles (GATE XE, XL) — Processing Principles: Food Components Characterization and quantification techniques. Quality analysis of raw and processed food products. Thermal processing…
Non thermal technologies (GATE XE, XL) — Non thermal technologies: Ultrasonication, HPP, Pulse Electric Field, Cold plasma.
Food packaging and storage (GATE XE, XL) — Food packaging and storage: packaging materials and their properties, aseptic packaging Active and Intelligent packaging, controlled and modified atmosphere st…
Oil Processing (GATE XE, XL) — Oil Processing: Expelling, solvent extraction, refining and hydrogenation.
Fruits and Vegetables Processing (GATE XE, XL) — Fruits and Vegetables Processing: Extraction, clarification, concentration and packaging of fruit juice, jam, jelly, marmalade, squash, candies, tomato sauce,…
Plantation crops processing and products (GATE XE, XL) — Plantation crops processing and products: Tea, coffee, cocoa, spice, extraction of essential oils and oleoresins from spices.
Milk and Milk Products Processing (GATE XE, XL) — Milk and Milk Products Processing: Pasteurization and sterilization, cream, butter, ghee, ice- cream, cheese and milk powder.
Processing of animal products (GATE XE, XL) — Processing of animal products: Processing of frozen, canned, and dried products, ready to eat products of fish and meat. Curing, smoking, poultry processing, a…
Waste Utilization (GATE XE, XL) — Waste Utilization: Pectin from fruit wastes, uses of by-products from rice milling. Edible films and packaging materials from waste
Food standards and Quality Maintenance (GATE XE, XL) — Food standards and Quality Maintenance: FPO, PFA, A-Mark, HACCP, food plant sanitation and cleaning in place (CIP). FSSAI, BIS, Codex Alimentarius, ISO, Food S…
Food Engineering (GATE XE, XL) — Mass and energy balance.
Momentum Transfer (GATE XE, XL) — Momentum Transfer: Flow rate and pressure drop relationships for Newtonian fluids flowing through pipe, Reynolds number.
Heat transfer (GATE XE, XL) — Heat transfer: heat transfer by conduction, convection, radiation, heat exchangers.
Mass Transfer (GATE XE, XL) — Mass Transfer: Molecular diffusion and Fick's law, conduction and convective mass transfer, permeability through single and multilayer films.
Mechanical Operations (GATE XE, XL) — Mechanical Operations: Size reduction of solids, high pressure homogenization, filtration, centrifugation, settling, sieving, mixing & agitation of liquid.
Thermal operations (GATE XE, XL) — Thermal operations: Thermal blanching, pasteurization, sterilization, sterilization, evaporation of liquid foods, hot air drying of solids, spray and freeze-dr…
Mass Transfer Operations (GATE XE, XL) — Mass Transfer Operations: Psychometric, humidification and dehumidification operations.

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